Together, these systems provide an objective data foundation for energy-use analysis.Įach month, building managers hold an energy-consumption analysis meeting and clarify energy expenditure of each main equipment category, including water, electricity, and natural gas. An electricity metering system remotely and automatically measures electricity consumption of large equipment through a network of 300 sensors, allowing comparison of current and historical energy consumption. A fluid energy metering system measures the flow of water through 89 sensors distributed throughout the building. These performance measurement approaches have been augmented by consulting with the Association of German Engineers, which has helped Jin Mao develop computerized equipment management systems to help maintenance staff optimize the equipment life cycle, quality and cost. Beginning in August 2013, to promote indoor air quality (IAQ) the building’s managers began tracking PM 2.5 particulate values in office areas, and broadcasting the results daily on social media. The paperless processing associated with the system also contributes to the building’s low carbon-emission footprint. Management tracks a variety of performance metrics, including electricity, water, and natural gas consumption from month to month, and maintains key performance indicators (KPIs) around non-energy metrics, such as preventative maintenance, fixed asset purchases, requests for repairs, complaints, cost analysis and equipment information records. Its high performance has been achieved with the assistance of a computerized energy management system, which has been in place since the building opened, and is integrated with the broader enterprise asset management (EAM) system. The Jin Mao Tower, a mixed-use complex containing offices, convention space and a hotel and in 2013 became the tallest and the longest-operated building in China to receive a LEED-EB: OM (Existing Buildings: Operations + Management) Gold certification. Within a composite building’s primary structural elements. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforcedĬoncrete beams a steel frame system with a concrete core concrete-encased steel columns Ĭoncrete-filled steel tubes etc. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structuralĮlements. ForĮxample, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of anĪll-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.Ī combination of materials (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. Or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as theĬoncrete elements are not acting as the primary structure. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between Reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled togetherįrom timber. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks orĬoncrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concreteĮlements are not acting as the primary structure.įrom concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructedįrom steel.
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